(Deoxyribose is the name of the sugar found in the backbone of. It says "The nucleotides forming each DNA strand are connected by noncovalent bonds, called hydrogen bonds." but those are covalent peptide bonds. It has an alternating chemical phosphate and sugar backbone, making the sides of the ladder. Ribose instead of deoxyribose is drawn in the dehydration synthesis diagram. These bonds are called 3’-5’ phosphodiester bonds"? So shouldn't it say "The phosphodiester bonds that join one DNA nucleotide to another always link the 3’ carbon of the first nucleotide to the 5’ carbon of the second nucleotide. These bonds are called 5’-3’ phosphodiester bonds." but DNA is synthesized from 5' to 3' direction according to the "How DNA is replicated" video where the 5'C of the second nucleotide is always linked to the 3'C of the first nucleotide. It says "The phosphodiester bonds that join one DNA nucleotide to another always link the 5’ carbon of the first nucleotide to the 3’ carbon of the second nucleotide. This backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality. On linear chromosomes the enzyme 'telomerase' extends the ends by creating a repeating sequence of nucleotides which helps prevent loss of genetic material with each replication. The carbon atoms of the five-carbon sugar are numbered clockwise from the oxygen as 1', 2', 3', 4', and 5' (1' is read as one prime). Stryer L.In the "nucleotide structure" diagram, deoxyribose is drawn but it says "ribose". The sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA. The enzyme 'DNA ligase' seals the nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone after the RNA primers are removed. The sugarphosphate groups line up in a backbone for each single strand of DNA, and the nucleotide bases stick out from this backbone. The order, or sequence, of these bases determines what biological instructions are contained in a strand of DNA. The four types of nitrogen bases found in nucleotides are: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). Kilpatrick S.T 2011 Lewin's Genes X, 10th Edition, Jones and Bartlett Publishers: London To form a strand of DNA, nucleotides are linked into chains, with the phosphate and sugar groups alternating. These two sugars only differ by one -OH group being changed to an -H, but provides different capabilities for each molecule. On on the other hand, the sugar in the backbone of RNA is called ribose. The sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, like DNA and RNA, and is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups. In DNA, the sugar involved is deoxyribose. However, their sugar phosphate backbone differs slightly. RNA and DNA are both examples of phosphodiesters and have a very similar structure. One turn of this helix is 34nm long, the diameter of it is 2nm, and there are ten bases attached per turn at 0.34nm. DNA consists of two long polymers of simple units called nucleotides, with backbones made of sugars and phosphate groups joined by ester bonds. Thymine is found in DNA, while Uracil is found in RNA. These features make DNA can repel water and would not hydrolysed and breakdown by the aqueous environment. DNA are nucleic acids made up of nitrogen-containing bases linked by a sugar-phosphate backbone. The four bases have differences in their structure and functional groups. The base may be any one of four possible options: cytosine (C), thymine (T), adenine (A), and guanine (G). DNA is very stable due to rungs of “ladder” is hydrophobic and phosphate sugar backbone of DNA is negatively charged. The deoxyribose sugar is attached to a phosphate group and to a nitrogenous base. The purpose of this twisting is to protect the bases inside it, and prevent them from being damaged by the environment. one runs 3' to 5', the other run 5' to 3'. This is done by the sugar phosphate backbone twisting around itself in a coil. Figure 1 Diagram showing the sugar phosphate backbone of DNA, and the nitrogenous bases attached to it, forming a nucleotide Structure of DNAĭNA is wound into an right-handed double helix.
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